Background of study
Healthcare wastes (HCW) are wastes produced by healthcare facilities such as hospitals, health centers, medical research centers, pharmaceutical manufacturing plants, pharmacies, blood banks, and home health care activities, and are divided into two categories: general waste and hazardous waste (Fasola et al., 2018).
Hospitals are public entities that provide a variety of healthcare services to the public. Curative, rehabilitative, preventative, and patient care services, as well as health education promotion, are all possible activities. Hospitals and health-care facilities have a responsibility to protect public health, which may be done directly via patient treatment or indirectly by providing a clean, healthy environment for their staff and the community (Patil & Pokhrel, 2015).
All wastes created by health care and health research institutions, as well as affiliated labs, are referred to as health care waste (HCW) (Onursal, 2017). HCW is defined as any solid or liquid waste that poses a risk of infection to people. It comes from health-care institutions including hospitals (for human diagnosis, treatment, or vaccination), blood banks, clinics, dentistry offices, labs, medical research centers, veterinary hospitals, and other types of health-care services (Sreegiri & Babu, 2019). Hospital trash is a unique kind of waste that is very dangerous owing to its infectious and/or poisonous properties.
Furthermore, the direct exposure of waste management professionals and members of the public to this sort of trash at health care facilities enhances the risk associated with its handling. Despite the fact that existing medical waste management techniques vary by institution, the issue areas are similar across all healthcare units and at all phases of management, including segregation, collection, packing, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal (Fluke, 2017). When it comes to the dangers of health-care waste, the member of the health-care team is considered the first line of defense. If this threat gets beyond the first line of defense, the consequences may be severe.
As a result, without the participation of the hospital administration's nurses, physicians, and housekeepers, the hospital administration will be unable to adequately address the threat of healthcare waste. Where the healthcare waste segregation system begins at the generational level. As a result, all members of the health-care team must be thoroughly informed on the many forms and hazards of medical waste, as well as how to properly dispose of it (Goddu, Duvvuri & Bakki, 2017; Pasupathi, Sindhu, Ponnusha & Ambika, 2016). There is a perception that medical waste management is restricted to incinerators and other processing processes.
However, this notion is incorrect; healthcare waste management is dependent on establishing a core foundation and striving to develop a medical waste treatment. The danger of medical waste is not limited to buildup and inadequate treatment, but also includes the risk of infection, which may occur before the arrival of trash incinerators and other treatment procedures (Mohammed, 2019). It is essential to monitor the behaviors of the personnel on a regular basis in order to ensure that health care waste is appropriately handled in the long run. Depending on the size of the health care institution, this should be done by the health care waste management officer and or members of a healthcare waste management committee. Usually, the members of such a committee are the same people who are in charge of nosocomial infections. To maintain practicing at the highest level possible, appropriate continuous training and awareness workshops should be established (Aukour, 2018; Fasola et al., 2018).
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